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2015年职称英语理工B答案详解
第一部分：词汇选项
1.【题干】The organization was bold enough to face the press
【选项】
A.pleased
B.powerful
C.brave
D.sensible
【答案】C
2.【题干】I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.
【选项】
A.accept
B.control
C.observe
D.regulate
【答案】A
3.【题干】I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.
【选项】
A.limit
B.fear
C.power
D.fool
【答案】B
4.【题干】Most people find rejection hard to accept.
【选项】
A.excuse
B.client
C.destiny
D.refusal
【答案】D
5.【题干】She's extremely competent and industrious.
【选项】
A.hardworking
B.honest
C.objective
D.independent
【答案】A
6.【题干】The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
【选项】
A.hide
B.handle
C.disclose
D.establish
【答案】C
7.【题干】He tried to assemble his thoughts.
【选项】
A.clear
B.share
C.gather
D.spare
【答案】C
8.【题干】 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.
【选项】
A. message
B. punishment
C. guilt
D. obligation
【答案】B
9.【题干】 Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
【选项】
A. flexible
B. terrible
C. reasonable
D. serious
【答案】B
10. 【题干】These products are inferior to those we brought last year.
【选项】
A. poorer than
B. narrower than
C. larger than
D. richer than
【答案】A
11.【题干】 The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.
【选项】
A. improved
B. changed
C. worsened
D. developed
【答案】C
12. 【题干】There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.
【选项】
A. coexisting
B. fair
C. full
D. pubic
【答案】A
13. 【题干】They’re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.
【选项】
A. requesting
B. planning
C. preparing
D. looking
【答案】A
14. 【题干】He said some harsh words about his brother.
【选项】
A. unkind
B. proper
C. normal
D. unclear
【答案】A
15. 【题干】We were attracted by the lure of quick money.
【选项】
A. amount
B. supply
C. sum
D. temp
【答案】D
第二部分：阅读判断
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16.【题干】Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】B
17.【题干】The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】B
18.【题干】Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
【选项】B
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】B
19.【题干】The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】C
20.【题干】Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】C
21.【题干】The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】A
22.【题干】Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
【选项】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】A
第3部分：概况大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试认识：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
First Image-recognitions software
1)Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2)The new system, witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially video—rather than just text—to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(图片说明),making for more accurate document search results.
3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study,”the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”
4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system—a type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed— that extracts semantic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23.【题干】Paragraph 1 _____
【选项】
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvementi in document retrieval
【答案】D
24.【题干】Paragraph 2 _____
【选项】
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvementi in document retrieval
【答案】C
25.【题干】Paragraph 3 _____
【选项】
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvementi in document retrieval
【答案】E
26.【题干】Paragraph 4 _____
【选项】
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvementi in document retrieval
【答案】F
27.【题干】The new system does document retrieval by _____.
【选项】
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
【答案】C
28.【题干】The new system is expected to improve precision in _____.
【选项】
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
【答案】E
29.【题干】When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _____.
【选项】
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
【答案】A
30.【题干】The new system was found more effective in document search than the _____.
【选项】
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
【答案】B
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